(2023)
Python 3-something added support for type hints.
The Python runtime does not enforce types, but pre-runtime checkers (IDEs, linters, etc.) exist to check type hints.
To turn on type checking with the VS Code Pylance plugin, set python.analysis.typeCheckingMode to basic or strict.
x: int = 1
x: float = 1.0
x: bool = True
x: str = "test"
x: bytes = b"test"
Remember that these are type hints and not enforced by the Python runtime:
>>> x: int = 3
>>> type(x)
<class 'int'>
>>> x = 2.999
>>> type(x)
<class 'float'>
We can declare variable without assigning a value. Again, the type isn’t enforced (or even known) by the Python runtime, but pre-runtime checkers could do something about the type hint:
>>> import typing
>>> x: int
>>> type(x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'x' is not defined